Yikes! You must have sore arms today. You are starving the plant when you dig out roots and remove all parts above the soil. Sounds like you have a good start on the bamboo. Round-up isn't very successful at killing bamboo.
Butterfly bush is a late blooming plant. Did its roots look healthy? Give it some time to adjust from being replanted.
If the mums were planted last fall they may not have been in the ground long enough to grow a root system to get them thru the winter. In Mi, for mums to be perennial they have to be planted in late
spring, pinched back and kept watered.